CITY DEVELOPMENTS LIMITED ANNUAL REPORT 2021 FINANCIALS 230 231 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 41 FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (CONT’D) (iii) Market risk (cont’d) Interest rate risk (cont’d) Managing interest rate benchmark reform and associated risks (cont’d) Total amounts of unreformed contracts, including those with an appropriate fallback clause The Group monitors the progress of transition from IBORs to new benchmark rates by reviewing the total amounts of contracts that have yet to transition to an alternative benchmark rate and the amounts of such contracts that include an appropriate fallback clause. The Group considers that a contract is not yet transitioned to an alternative benchmark rate when interest under the contract is indexed to a benchmark rate that is still subject to interest rate benchmark reform, even if it includes a fallback clause that deals with the cessation of the existing IBOR (referred to as an ‘unreformed contract’). The following table shows the total amounts of unreformed contracts and those with appropriate fallback language at 31 December 2021. The amounts of financial assets and financial liabilities are shown at their carrying amounts and derivatives are shown at their nominal amounts. USD LIBOR SGD SOR Total amount of unreformed contracts Amount with appropriate fallback clause Total amount of unreformed contracts Amount with appropriate fallback clause $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 Group 31 December 2021 Financial liabilities Bank loans 213,359 – – – Term loans 822,880 417,398 2,672,760 90,247 Derivative Cross currency swaps 157,327 – 146,450 – Interest rate swaps 88,036 – – – Company 31 December 2021 Financial liabilities Term loans 41,764 – 2,025,666 – Derivative Cross currency swaps – – 146,450 – The Group’s exposure to USD LIBOR designated in hedging relationships is $288,000,000 nominal amount as at 31 December 2021, representing the principal amount of the Group’s USD denominated debts maturing in 2022 to 2023 used to hedge the net investments in foreign operations. Fair value sensitivity analysis for fixed rate instruments The Group has fixed rate debt instruments measured at FVTPL. A change in interest rates at the reporting date would not have a material impact on the Group. 41 FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (CONT’D) (iii) Market risk (cont’d) Interest rate risk (cont’d) Cash flow sensitivity analysis for variable rate instruments An increase of 100 basis points in interest rates on the variable rate instruments held by the Group and the Company at the reporting date would have increased/(decreased) profit or loss (before any tax effect) by the amounts shown below. This analysis assumes that all other variables, in particular foreign currency exchange rates, remain constant and does not take into account the effect of qualifying borrowing costs allowed for capitalisation. Group Company 31 December 2021 31 December 2020 31 December 2021 31 December 2020 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 100 bp increase (Reduction)/Increase in profit before tax (59,458) (69,863) (7,328) (19,823) A 100bp decrease in interest rates at the reporting date would have had an equal but opposite effect to the amounts shown above, on the basis that all other variables remain constant. Foreign currency risk The Group is exposed to foreign currency risk on sales, purchases and borrowings that are denominated in currencies other than the respective functional currencies of the Group’s entities. The currencies giving rise to this risk are primarily the United States Dollar, Singapore Dollar, Hong Kong Dollar, Australian Dollar, Sterling Pound, Renminbi, Japanese Yen, Euro, Thai Baht and New Zealand Dollar. The Group has a decentralised approach to the management of foreign currency risk. The Group manages its foreign currency exposure by adopting a natural hedge policy of matching receipts and payments, and asset purchases and borrowings, in the currency of the relevant entity, where possible. Entities in the Group may have different approaches to the identification and management of this risk. Entities in the Group may borrow in currencies other than their functional currencies to fund investments that are denominated in their borrowing currencies. In respect of other monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies, the Group’s policy is to ensure that its net exposure is kept to an acceptable level by buying or selling foreign currencies at spot rates when necessary to address short-term imbalances. Where feasible, the Group may put in place certain financial derivative instruments including forward exchange contracts and cross currency swaps to minimise the Group’s exposure to movements in exchange rates on firm commitments and specific transactions. The Group assesses whether the derivative designated in each hedging relationship is expected to be and has been effective in offsetting changes in cash flows of the hedged item using the hypothetical derivative method. In these hedge relationships, the main sources of ineffectiveness are: • The effect of the counterparty and the Group’s own credit risk on the fair value of the swaps and forward foreign exchange contracts, which is not reflected in the change in the fair value of the hedged cash flows attributable to the change in exchange rates; and • Changes in the timing of the hedged transactions.
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